TECHNOLOGY

SnapshotNIR uses NIR (Near-Infrared) light to determine tissue oxygenation saturation (StO2), a key indicator of tissue health. NIR light penetrates ~2-3mm into tissue, making it ideal for microcirculation assessment, where oxygen exchange is happening.

NIR light is very useful in detecting oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, which conveys a comprehensive picture of tissue health and the healing capacity of acute and chronic wounds.

NIR light is very useful in detecting oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, which conveys a comprehensive picture of tissue health and the healing capacity of acute and chronic wounds.

 

NIR spectrum light passes harmlessly through skin and is reflected off the blood supplying the tissuE

NIR light is mainly absorbed by hemoglobin and water

Wavelength dependent light absorption of hemoglobin differs if it is carrying oxygen from when it is not, therefore detecting oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

RESEARCH

Bibliography

2024

Andersen C, Reiter H. Redefining Wound Healing Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Adv Skin Wound Care:  https://journals.lww.com/aswcjournal/fulltext/9900/redefining_wound_healing_using_near_infrared.45.aspx

Mehmet A. Suludere, Arthur Tarricone, Bijan Najafi, Lee Rogers, Michael C. Siah, Gu Eon Kang, Lawrence A. Lavery. Near-infrared spectroscopy data for foot skin oxygen saturation in healthy subjects;  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38415898/

W F Hill, K Kinaschuk, C Temple-Oberle. Intraoperative Near-infrared Spectroscopy Can Predict Skin Flap Necrosis; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38533520/

2023

George RE, Elwood ET, Jones GE. Indocyanine Green Angiography overpredicts postoperative necrosis compared to multispectral reflectance imaging. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2023; 151(3):412e-419e. https://journals.lww.com/plasreconsurg/abstract/2023/03000/indocyanine_green_angiography_overpredicts.21.aspx

Moritz, W. R., Daines, J., Christensen, J. M., Myckatyn, T., Sacks, J. M., & Westman, A. M. (2023). Point-of-Care Tissue Oxygenation Assessment with SnapshotNIR for Alloplastic and Autologous Breast Reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery–Global Open, 11(7), e5113: https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/2023/07000/point_of_care_tissue_oxygenation_assessment_with.11.aspx

Reiter H, Andersen C. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with a Provocative Maneuver to Detect the Presence of Severe Peripheral Arterial Disease. J Vasc Surg Int, 2023; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468428723002885

 Zulbaran‐Rojas, A., Lee, M., Bara, R. O., Flores‐Camargo, A., Spitz, G., Finco, M. G., ... & Najafi, B. (2023). Electrical stimulation to regain lower extremity muscle perfusion and endurance in patients with post‐acute sequelae of SARS CoV‐2: A randomized controlled trial. Physiological Reports, 11(5), e15636: https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.14814/phy2.15636

 Zulbaran-Rojas, A., Bara, R. O., Lee, M., Flores-Camargo, A., Mishra, R., Winocour, S., ... & Najafi, B. (2023). Optimizing Tissue Oxygenation in Reduction Mammoplasty: The Role of Continuous Diffusion of Oxygen: A Feasibility Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. journal of surgical research, 292, 113-122: https://www.journalofsurgicalresearch.com/article/S0022-4804(23)00342-6/fulltext

2022

Gennady Geskin, Michael D. Mulock, Nicole L. Tomko, Anna D’Asta and Sandeep Gopalakrishnan. Effects of Lower Limb Revascularization on the Microcirculation of the Foot: A Retrospective Study. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 1320.

2021

Killeen, AL, La Fontaine J, Lavery LA. Use of Fitzpatrick Scaple in Hyperspectral Imaging of the Foot: A normative data cohort. The Symposium on Advanced Wound Care (SAWC). Oct 29-31, 2021; CR-008.

Hall Y, Shah JB. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Improves Microcirculatory Oxygenation in Problem Wounds over the course of Successive Treatments. The Symposium on Advanced Wound Care (SAWC). Oct 29-31, 2021; CR-041

George R. Indocyanine Green Angiography Overpredicts Postoperative Necrosis Compared to Multispectral Reflectance Imaging in a Prospective Cohort of Patients Undergoing Breast Reconstruction. American Society of Plastic Surgeons Plastic Surgery Meeting (ASPS). Oct 22, 2021; 32754

Arnold J, Marmolejo VL. Interpretation of Near-Infrared Imaging in Acute and Chronic Wound Care. Diagnostics. 2021;11(5).

Cole W, Coe S, Maislin G, Marmolejo VL. A Non-invasive Focused Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy System Promotes Increased Tissue Oxygen Saturation in Chronic Wounds in Persons with Diabetes. American Journal of Nursing Science. 2021;10(3):166-172

Stratman S, Schneider C, Lev-Tov H, Kirsner RS. Functional Imaging in Wounds: Imaging Modalities of Today and Tomorrow. Surg Technol Int. 2021;38.

Wahab N, Lapucha MA. Clinical applications of near-infrared spectroscopy in the modern wound care clinic. Today’s Wound Clinic®. 2021;15(2):

Zulbaran-Rojas A, Park C, Lepow B, Najafi B. Effectiveness of lower-extremity electrical stimulation to improve skin perfusion. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2021;20-172

2020

Cole W, Coe S. Assessing DFU perfusion: a case comparison of the tried & true and the novel & new. Today’s Wound Clinic®. 2020;14(5):8-10.

Hill WF, Webb C, Monument M, McKinnon G, Hayward V, Temple-Oberle C. Intraoperative near-infrared spectroscopy correlates with skin flap necrosis: a prospective cohort study. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2020; 8:e2742. www.PRSGlobalOpen.com.

Jones GE, Yoo A, King VA, Sowa M, Pinson DM. Snapshot multispectral imaging is not inferior to SPY laser fluorescence imaging when predicting murine flap necrosis. Plastic Reconstr Surg. 2020;145(1):85e-93e.

Landsman, A. Visualization of wound healing progression with near infrared spectroscopy: a retrospective study. Wounds. 2020; 32(10): 265-271.

Longobardi, P, Hartwig, V, Santarella, L, Hoxha, K, Campos, J, Laurino, M, Salvo, P, Trivella, MG, Coceani, F, Rocco, M, L’Abbate, A. Potential markers of healing from near infrared spectroscopy imaging of venous leg ulcer. A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing conventional with hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Wound Rep Reg. 2020; 12 August 2020.

Safran T, Al-Halabi B, Viezel-Mathieu A, Boileau JF, Dionisopoulos T. Direct-to-implant, prepectoral breast reconstruction: a single-surgeon experience with 201 consecutive patients. Plastic Reconstr Surg. 2020;145(4): 686e-696e.

Serena TE, Yaskov R, Serena L, Mayhugh T, Harrell K. Comparing near infrared spectroscopy and transcutaneous oxygen measurement in hard-to-heal wounds: a pilot study. J Wound Care; WUWHS Suppl. 2020; 29(6): S4-S10.

Singh D, Chopra K, Sabino J, Brown E. Practical things you should know about wound healing and vacuum-assisted closure management. Plastic Reconstr Surg. 2020;145(4): 839e-854e.

2019

AI Global Media. Kent Imaging: Innovative imaging ingenuity. Acquisition International. 2019;10:33.

Cole W. The use of non-invasive pulsed acoustic cellular expression to promote angiogenesis in chronic wounds. Poster/Abstract presented at: American Podiatric Medical Association Conference (The National); July 2019.

Cole W, Coe S. Using a non-invasive pulsed acoustic cellular expression system to promote angiogenesis in chronic wounds. Today’s Wound Clinic®. 2019;13(10):16-20.

Ersen A, Myers RT, Hirschman GB, Monga A, Quiben M, Salem Y, Lavery LA, Yavuz M. Temperature regulation of the diabetic foot and its effects on oxygen saturation. Poster/Abstract presented at: European Diabetic Foot Conference; May 2019.

Fife C, Gitterle M. Vascular assessment enters the 21st century. Today’s Wound Clinic®. 2019;13(12):12-17.

Gopalakrishnan S, Niezgoda J, Hoffman B, Siddique S, Niezgoda JA. Using near infrared spectroscopy imaging to manage critical limb ischemia. Today’s Wound Clinic®. 2019;13(9):12-15.

Konroth SG, Franco E, Linczer JAM, Myers JH, McLeod BA, Ennis WJ. A preliminary Report on microvascular imaging in wound care. Poster/Abstract presented at: American College of Wound Healing and Tissue Repair; Oct 2019.

Landsman A, Sowa M. SnapshotNIR, a handheld system for noninvasive measurement of transcutaneous hemoglobin oxygenation. Poster/Abstract presented at: Diabetic Foot Conference (DFCon); Oct 2019.

Sowa M. SnapshotNIR: a handheld multispectral imaging system for tissue viability assessment. Photonics and Education in Measurement Science. Proc. of SPIE. 2019;11144(111440B):1-6.

2018

Arnold J. Is there adequate perfusion for healing? What routine noninvasive vascular studies are missing? Wounds. 2018;30(9):E89–E92.

Aung BJ. Multispectral oxygenation imaging-assisted wound debridement. Poster/Abstract presented at: Symposium of Advanced Wound Care – Fall; Oct 2018.

Hayward A, Campbell E, Temple-Oberle C. A novel, non-invasive technique for assessing tissue perfusion in flap reconstruction. Poster/Abstract presented at: Canadian Society for Plastic Surgery; Oct 2018.

Hoffman B, Niezgoda JA, Rybakowicz RL, Niezgoda J. Can near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) replace transcutaneous oximetry in the clinical management of compromised wounds? Poster presented art: American Professional Wound Care Association; Sept 2018.

Jones G, Yoo A, King V, Sowa M, Pinson D. A prospective blinded evaluation of Snapshot multispectral imaging and SPY laser fluorescence imaging of flap viability in a rat flap model. Presentation/Abstract presented at: American Society of Plastic Surgeons: The Meeting; Sept 2018.

Jones G, Yoo A, Sowa M, King V. Comparison of multispectral reflectance imaging and indocyanine green angiography. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2018;10(PSTM 2018 Abstract Supplement):234-235. www.PRSGlobalOpen.com.

Landsman A. Near infrared spectroscopy & predicting the likelihood of future wound healing. Today’s Wound Clinic®. 2018;12(1):12-14.

Landsman A, Barnhart D, Sowa M. Near-infrared spectroscopy imaging for assessing skin and wound oxygen perfusion. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2018; 35(18): 343-355.

Landsman A, Melick G, Pundu A. Intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a literature review of atraumatic incisional considerations. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2018;36(19):185-195.

Landsman A, Stachel R. New approaches for evaluating patients with DFUs. Podiatry Management. 2018 Nov/Dec;67-72.

Lepow BD, Singh A. Cutting edge treatments for diabetic foot management. Podiatry Management. 2018 Nov/Dec;67-72.

Med Tech Outlook editorial staff. Kent Imaging: The next wave in medical imaging technology. MedTech Outlook Top 10 Medical Imaging Solution Providers 2018 – Editors Choice. Med Tech Outlook. 2018 Dec;24-25.

Niezgoda JA, Hoffman B, Rybakowicz RL, Siddique A, Niezgoda J. Novel utilization of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging demonstrating the clinical efficacy of arterial endovascular intervention. Poster/Abstract presented at: American Professional Wound Care Association; Sept 2018.

2017

Aung B. Can multispectral imaging aid in wound care and limb salvage? Podiatry Today. 2020. https://www.podiatrytoday.com/blogged/can-multispectral-imaging-aid-wound-care-and-limb-salvage.

Landsman A, Barnhart D. Predicting wound closure and flap viability using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Poster/Abstract presented at: Symposium of Advanced Wound Care Spring 2017; 2017.

Fischer J. FDA gives green light to Kent Imaging’s perfusion imaging device, KD203. DOTMed Health Care Business Daily News. 2017. https://www.dotmed.com/news/story/39822.

Godkin D. Kent Imaging says its device is the first line of defense in wound and tissue analysis. BioWorld MedTech. 2017;21(211).

Jalil B, Hartwig V, Salvetti O, Potì L, Gargani Ll, Barskova T, Cerinic MM, L’Abbate A. Assessment of hand superficial oxygenation during ischemia/reperfusion in healthy subjects versus systemic sclerosis patients by 2D near infrared spectroscopic imaging. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 2017;155:101–110.

Trivella MG, Piersigilli A, Bernini F, Pelosi G, Burchielli S, Puzzuoli S, Kusmic C, L’Abbate A. Percutaneous cardiac support during myocardial infarction drastically reduces mortality: perspectives from a swine model. Int J Artif Organs. 2017;40(7):338-344.

2016

Bowen RE, Treadwell GRN, Goodwin MRRT. Correlation of near infrared spectroscopy measurements of tissue oxygen saturation with transcutaneous pO2 in patients with chronic wounds. SM Vasc Med. 2016;1(2):1006.

Sowa M, Kuo WC, Ko A, Armstrong D. Review of near-infrared methods for wound assessment. J. Biomed Opt. 2016; 21(9):091304-1–091304-17.

2015

Hartwig V, Luna Gargani MM, Barskov T, Giovanna M, Cerinic MM, L’Abbate A. Two-dimensional near infrared spectroscopic imaging of the hand to assess microvascular abnormalities in systemic sclerosis: a pilot study. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. 2015;23:59-66.

Hartwig V, Marinelli M, Rocco F, L’Abbate A. Assessment of microvascular function using near-infrared spectroscopic 2D imaging of whole hand combined with vascular occlusion test. J. Med. Biol. Eng. 2015. DOI 10.1007/s40846-016-0114-3.

Jalil B, Salvetti O, Potì L, Hartwig V, Marinelli M, L’Abbate A. Near infrared image processing to quantitate and visualize oxygen saturation during vascular occlusion. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 2015;126:35-45.

Livingston M. Multispectral oximetry imaging readings with associated healing trajectory. On file with Kent Imaging. 2015.

2012

Sowa MG. Correlation analysis of oxygenation measurements made with the Kent Camera and the Vioptix Oximeter. National Research Council of Canada. 2012.

Sowa MG. Optical methods for measuring tissue perfusion during surgery; something to (use) dye for?  A tale of two FDA Approved devices. SPEC Shedding New Light on Disease. 2012.

2009

Cross KM, Leonardi L, Gomez M, Friesen RJ, Levasseur MA, Schattka BJ, Sowa MG, Fish JS. Non-invasive measurement of edema in partial thickness burn wounds. J Burn Care Res. 2009;30:807–817.

2008

Gussakovsky E, Ilkina O, Yang Y, Kupriyanov V. Hemoglobin plus myoglobin concentrations and near infrared light pathlength in phantom and pig hearts determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Analytical Biochemistry. 2008;382:107–115.

2007

Cross KM, Leonardi L, Payette JR, Gomez M, Levasseur MA, Schattka BJ, Sowa MG, Fish JS. Clinical utilization of near-infrared spectroscopy devices for burn depth assessment. Wound Repair Regen. 2007;15(3):332-340.

McKenna JA, Pabbies A, Friesen JR, Kohlenberg E, Leonardi L, Sowa MG, Hayakawa T, Kerr PD. Near infrared spectroscopy in the assessment of rat epigastric fasciocutaneous flap perfusion. National Research Council of Canada. 2007.

2006

Sowa MG, Leonardi L, Payette JR, Cross KM, Gomez M, Fish JS. Classification of burn injuries using near infrared spectroscopy. J Biomed Opt. 2006;11(5):054002.

2005

Levasseur MA, Leonardi ML, Payette JR, Kohlenberg E, Sowa MG, Fish JS, Cross K, Gomez M. Near infrared hyperspectral imaging: the road traveled to a clinical burn application. Photonics North. 2005;59691O-59691O.

Payette JR, Kohlenberg E, Leonardi L, Pabbies A, Kerr P, Liu KZ, Sowa MG. Assessment of skin flaps using optically based methods for measuring blood flow and oxygenation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115(2):539-546.

2004

Kupriyanov V, Nighswander-Rempel S, Xiang B. Mapping regional oxygenation and flow in pig hearts in vivo using near-infrared spectroscopic imaging. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2004;37:947–957.

2002

Attas M, Posthumus T, Schattka BJ, Sowa MG, Mantsch H, Zhang SL. Long wavelength near-infrared spectroscopic imaging for in-vivo skin hydration measurements. Vib Spectrosc. 2002;28:37-43.

2001

Attas M, Hewko MD, Payette JR, Posthumus T, Sowa MG, Mantsch HH. Visualization of cutaneous hemoglobin oxygenation and skin hydration using near infrared spectroscopic imaging. Skin Res Tech. 2001;7:238-245.

Sowa MG, Leonardi ML, Payette JR, Mantsch HH. Near infrared spectroscopic assessment of hemodynamic changes in the early post-burn period. Burns. 2001;27:241-249.

2000

Abdulrauf BM, Stranc MF, Sowa MG, Germscheid SL, Mantsch HH.  Novel approach in the evaluation of flap failure using near infrared spectroscopy and imaging. Can J Plast Surg. 2000;8:68-72.

Leonardi ML, Sowa MG, Payette JR, Mantsch HH. Near infrared spectroscopy and imaging: a new approach to assess burn injuries. Am Clin Lab. 2000;19:22-24.

1999

Payette JR, Sowa MG, Germscheid SL, Stranc MF, Abdulrauf B, Mantsch HH. Non-invasive diagnostics: predicting flap viability with near-IR spectroscopy and imaging. Am Clin Lab. 1999;18:4-6.

Sowa MG, Payette JR, Hewko MD, Mantsch HH. Visable – near infrared imaging of the rat dorsal skin flap. J Biomed Opt. 1999;4:474-48.

Sowa MG, Payette JR, Mantsch HH. Near infrared spectroscopic assessment of tissue hydration following surgery. J Surg Res. 1999;86(1):62-69.

1998

Mansfield JR, Sowa MG, Payette JR, Abdulrauf B, Stranc MF, Mantsch HH. Tissue viability by multispectral near infrared imaging: a fuzzy C-means clustering analysis. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1998;6:1011-1018.

Stranc MF, Sowa MG, Abdulrauf B, Mantsch HH. Assessment of tissue viability using near infrared spectroscopy. Br J Plast Surg. 1998;51:210-217.

1997

Jackson M, Sowa MG, Mantsch HH. Infrared spectroscopy: a new frontier in medicine. Biophys Chem. 1997;68:109-125.

Sowa MG, Mansfield JR, Scarth GB, Mantsch HH. Non-invasive assessment of regional and temporal variations in tissue oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging. Appl Spectrosc. 1997;51(2):143-151.